Ultrastructural evidences for endothelial cell - leukocytes interactions: margination and migration / Evidencias ultraestructurales de las interacciones células endoteliales - leucocitos: marginación y migración

Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions have a pivotal role in immune responses. In our study Ten adult Wistar albino rats weighing 180-200 g were used to obtain tissue samples. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation under ether anesthesia. The lymph nodes of the animals were then quickly removed. Specimens were immersed in the zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (ZIO) solutation by Niebauer et al. (1969) and kept in the dark for 2 hours in this solution from temperature for fixation/staining. Samples were processed according to routine plastic embedding tecnique. Semi thin sections of 1µm thick were cut and stained with methilene blue-azure II for light microscopic examination. We used zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide staining technique to distinguish endothelial cell from leukocytes. Present data supports the understanding of this unique relationship as documented by figures.

Las interacciones entre células endoteliales y leucocitos tienen un papel fundamental en la respuesta inmune. Se utilizaron 10 ratas albinas Wistar, adultas, con peso entre 180-200 g, para obtener muestras de tejido. Los animales fueron sacrificados por decapitación bajo anestesia con éter. Inmediatamente, los nodos linfáticos de los animales fueron removidos. Las muestras se sumergieron en tetraóxido de osmio-yoduro de zinc (ZIO), solución de Niebauer et al. (1969), manteniéndose en oscuridad durante 2 horas, a temperatura de fijación/tinción. Las muestras fueron tratadas de cuerdo a la rutina de la técnica de inserción en plástico. Para el examen microscópico de luz, se tiñeron con Azur-II - Azul de metileno secciones de corte semifinos de 1µm de grosor. Se utilizó la técnica tinción tetraóxido de osmio-yoduro de zinc para distinguir las células endoteliales de los leucocitos. Los datos presentados apoyan la comprensión de esta relación única.

Effects of different peep levels on mesenteric leukocyte-endothelial interactions in rats during mechanical ventilation

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves oxygenation and treats acute pulmonary failure. However, increased intrathoracic pressure may cause regional blood flow alterations that may contribute to mesenteric ischemia and gastrointestinal failure. We investigated the effects of different PEEP levels on mesenteric leukocyte-endothelial interactions. METHODS: Forty-four male Wistar rats were initially anesthetized (Pentobarbital I.P. 50mg/kg) and randomly assigned to one of the following groups: 1) NAIVE (only anesthesia; n=9), 2) PEEP 0 (PEEP of 0 cmH2O, n=13), 3) PEEP 5 (PEEP of 5 cmH2O, n=12), and 4) PEEP 10 (PEEP of 10 cmH2O, n=13). Positive end expiratory pressure groups were tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated with a tidal volume of 10 mL/kg, respiratory rate of 70 rpm, and inspired oxygen fraction of 1. Animals were maintained under isoflurane anesthesia. After two hours, laparotomy was performed, and leukocyte-endothelial interactions were evaluated by intravital microscopy. RESULTS: No significant changes were observed in mean arterial blood pressure among groups during the study. Tracheal peak pressure was smaller in PEEP 5 compared with PEEP 0 and PEEP 10 groups (11, 15, and 16 cmH2O, respectively; p<0.05). After two hours of MV, there were no differences among NAIVE, PEEP 0 and PEEP 5 groups in the number of rollers (118±9,127±14 and 147±26 cells/10minutes, respectively), adherent leukocytes (3±1,3±1 and 4±2 cells/100µm venule length, respectively), and migrated leukocytes (2±1,2±1 and 2±1 cells/5,000µm², respectively) at the mesentery. However, the PEEP 10 group exhibited an increase in the number of rolling, adherent and migrated leukocytes (188±15 cells / 10 min, 8±1 cells / 100 µm and 12±1 cells / 5,000 µm², respectively; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High intrathoracic pressure was harmful to mesenteric microcirculation in the experimental model of rats with normal lungs and ...

Observation the electroporation of blood cells in vitro by scanning electron microscope / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe changes on cell membrane in blood cells after they were been electrified.@*METHODS@#Blood were electrified for 5, 10, 20, 30 s, 1 min respectively, and Scanning electron microscope was used to detect the changes on their cell membranes.@*RESULTS@#Pores were detected both on electrified erythrocytes and leukocytes with round or ellipse shapes. The erythrocytes often have one or more pores while the leukocytes often have more pores looked like cribble. The rates of perforated cells were increased with the prolonging time of electrification, 5 s with 6% and 1 min increased to 40%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Alternating current can cause the cell perforating, and the rates of perforated cell were increased with the prolonging time of electrification.

Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome.

Mucopolysaccharidoses are a type of lysosomal storage disorders characterized by defect in the degradation of Mucopolysaccharides due to deficiency of specific lysosomal enzymes leading to their accumulation in various tissues. MPS -VI (Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome) is an autosomal recessive syndrome due to deficiency of enzyme Aryl- Sulfatase -B, and is characterized by characteristic facies, normal intelligence, Dysostosis multiplex, organomegaly, joint stiffness, corneal clouding and striking inclusions in peripheral blood leucocytes. We present an 8-year-old male child with MPS-VI syndrome, confirmed by enzyme assay.

Características morfológicas ultraestructurales y citoquimicas de heterófilos de caimán crocodilus yacare (Daudin, 1802) (Reptilia, Crocodilia) / Morphological and ultrastructural cytochemistry on heterophil of caiman crocodilus yacare (Daudin 1802) Reptilia, Crocodilia)

Muestra de sangre periférica de seis yacarés jóvenes fueron recolectadas del seno venoso cervical y transferidasa tubos con EDTA 10 por ciento. Las extenciones sanguíneas fueron usadas para análisis morfológico y estudio citoquímico a microscopía fotónica y electrónica de proteínas básica, fosfatasa alcalina y mieloperoxidasa. Los heterófilos revelaron núcleo de forma oval y excéntrico con nucléolo prominente. El citoplasma se mostró repleto de numerosos gránulo eosinofílicos, que variaron considerablemente en forma: esfércos, ovales, halteriformes, en bastón y fusiformes. La actividad de la fosfatasa alcalina fue detectada en el citoplasma de heterófilos bajo la forma de precipitado azul y el ME reveló gránulos positivos electrodensos. Reacción positiva para mieloperoxidasa fue visualizada como un precipitado marrón en heterófilos en pH 7,0 y pH 10,0. A la microscopía electrónica la mieloperoxidas reveló actividad más fuerte en pH 7,0 que en pH 10,0.Todos los heterófilos mostraron reacción positiva para proteínas básicas en la perifería de todos los gránulos citoplasmáticos

Autismo infantil y esquizofrenia: estudio ultraestructural comparativo de la sangre periferica

Se realiza un estudio ultraestructurall comparativo entre los hallazgos obtenidos en la sangre periferica de pacientes esquizofrenicos y los observados en un estudio similar en la sangre de un nino con autismo infantil. La presencia de vacuolizacion en las plaquetas fue un elemento comun aunque con caracteristicas distintas en cada patologia. Cuerpos de inclusion intranucleares y bacterias relacionadas con particulas semejantes a virus fueron observadas en ambas condiciones patologicas. La ausencia de estudios similares en la literatura mundial destaca la importancia de los resultados obtenidos

Ultrastructure of the may-hegglin anomaly

Ultrastructural features of the leucocytes in two patients suffering from the May-Hegglin anomaly were studied using electron microscopy. In both the cases, electron dense material parallel to the long axis of the inclusions were noted. Platelet ultrastructure was normal. A review of the literature indicates that the May-Hegglin anomaly is a heterogeneous condition both ultrastructurally and clinically

Detección de heterocigotos de ataxia telangiectasia por la sensibilidad a la radiación ionizante / Detection of heterocygotic with patients with ataxia telangiectasia show chromosomic rupture

Investigaciones recientes han demostrado que los pacientes homocigotos y heterocigotos de ataxia telangiectasia (AT) tienen rompimientos cromosómicos. De acuerdo con esta característica se diseñó el estudio inducido rompimientos cromosómicos en células granulocíticas de pacientes con diagnóstico de AT, heterocigotos obligados de AT y comparados con un grupo de individuos sanos. A todos los pacientes se les cuantificó el número de rompimientos cromosómicos con 14 dosis de radiación 125 kv, 125 mA. Los resultados sugieren diferencias significativas en el número de alteraciones estructurales cromosómicas inducidas por la radiación en los granulocitos de heterocigotos de ataxia telangiectasia similares a las alteraciones estructurales de los linfocitos de pacientes con AT y se demuestra que estas alteraciones se presentan preferentemente en un cromosoma del grupo C de homocigotos y heterocigotos de AT

Moléculas de cooperación y regulación durante la migración celular en la respuesta inflamatoria / Molecules for cooperation and regulation during cell migration in the inflammatory response

En la superficie de todas las células existen estructuras sacarídicas, dentro de sus múltiples funciones fisiológicas se ha logrado identificar que funcionan como comunicadores intercelulares. En el caso de los leucocitos estas estructuras le permiten, por mecanismos de adherencia, identificar a los sitios de inflamación, este proceso se efectúa gracias a la interacción específica de diversas familias de glicoproteínas de superficie celular entre las que se considera a las denominadas "selectinas", las integrinas y las moléculas pertenecientes a la superfamilia de las inmunoglobulinas. En este Trabajo, se revisan las características moleculares de estas proteínas adhesivas y, los diversos procesos inflamatorios en los que están involucradas

Diagnostic value of fecal leukocytes in chronic bowel diseases

Foram estudados pacientes com diarréia crônica, dos quais 42 apresentaram leucócitos nas fezes (++ ou +++). Nestes, os exames endoscópicos com biópsia e/ou radiológico do cólon firmaram os seguintes diagnósticos: retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica em 33, adenocarcinoma do cólon em 4, doença de Crohn em 2, colite amebiana em 2 e colite eosinofílica em 1 paciente. A presença dos leucócitos nas fezes permitiu, entäo, o diagnóstico de doença do cólon em todos os pacientes, podendo ser indicativo de doença exsudativa do intestino. Estes resultados sugerem que sempre que forem encontrados leucócitos nas fezes devem ser pesquisadas doenças do cólon

Valor da quantificacao dos corpos lamelares em leucocitos na toxicidade por amiodarona / Value of lamellar bodies quantification in leukocytes in toxicity by amiodarone

Amiodarona e uma droga anfifilica que facilmente atravessa a membrana plasmatica, podendo induzir producao de corpos lamerares nos lisossomas de praticamente todas as celulas do organismo, independente de efeitos toxicos. Este estudo determina o valor da pesquisa destes corpos lamelares em leucocitos de sangue periferico como metodo de prevencao da toxicidade pulmonar em pacientes tratados cronicamente com amiodarona. A porcentagem de leucocitos com corpos lamelares foi determinada em tres grupos. O grupo I foi formado por oito pacientes com pneumonite por amiodarona que tomavam a droga por media de 16,88 meses (media de 386,60 mg ao dia). O grupo II por 19 pacientes sem nenhum efeito toxico da droga, e os que tomavam em media por 38,32 meses (media de 260,62 mg ao dia). O grupo III foi composto por oito individuos higidos que nao tomavam nenhuma medicacao. A camada de leucocitos obtida por centrifugacao de sangue periferico foi examinada por microscopia eletronica. A porcentagem de leucocitos com corpos lamelares foi determinada em todos os pacientes dos tres grupos. A media de leucocitos com corpos lamelares foi 1,82 por cento no grupo I, 1,65 por cento no grupo II e 3,47 por cento no grupo III. As inclusoes lamelares foram evidenciadas nos tres grupos...

Estudio del tiempo de duplicación celular en la leucemia mieloide crónica / Cell duplication time in chronic myeloid leukemia

En 15 pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC) (8 hombres y 7 mujeres) se estudió el tiempo de duplicación de los leucocitos totales (T2LT) y de las células mieloides inmaduras (T2Cl). La edad promedio era de 47 años con un rango de 21-69 años. Se apreció que el T2LT y el T2Cl se iban acortando a medida que la enfermedad progresaba. Se encontró que el T2Cl y el T2LT se correlacionaron con el tiempo de supervivencia de los pacientes. Esta correlación fue más destacada con el T2Cl. En la crisis blástica el T2Cl promedio fue de 5 días (rango de 2-10 días). En la mayoría de los casos la crisis blástica se presentó en un tiempo aproximado de un año después que el T2Cl se redujo a 12 días. Se considera el valor del T2Cl como factor pronóstico en la LMC

Cytogenetic Studies of the Leukocytes of Couples with Habitual Abortions

Karyotypes were prepared from peripheral blood leukocytes in 18 couples with his-tories of habitual abortions. The Standard chromosome analysis and G-banding techniques were studied. The abnormal karyotypes seen were one case with 20% of 45, XX, -14, -15, t(14/15), one case of 46, XY/45, XY, -21 mosaicism, one case of 45, XX, -14, -21, t(14/21), one case of 46, XX/45, XO mosaicism and one case of 46, XYq+. Many other types of chromosomal abnormalities from many reports in couples with spontaneous abortions are discussed.

Detailed Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Human Leukocyte Induced by Anti-malignant Tumor Agent (FT-207)

The anticancer agent's FT-207, N1-(2'-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil, a derivative of 5FU (5-fluorouracil), induced chromosome damage to the human leukocyte was investigated. FT-207 inhibit mitosis and cause chromatid and chromosome breakage and chromatid exchange with 20 ug/ml for 48 to 72 hours of treatment. However, with 15 ug/ml for 72 hours only delayed spiralization was produced in some of the chromosomes in the same cells. The random distribution of chromosome breakage were observed and the effect of FT-207 on the chromosomes of human leukocytes were time dependent rather than concentration dependent. The comparision of the effect of mitomycin C on human leukocytes and the action of FT-207 at specific times during the cell cycle were discussed.

Cytogenetic Studies of Peripheral Leukocytes following Surgery and Radiotherapy in Patients with Breast Carcinoma

Chromosome analysis were carried out on peripheral blood leukocytes of breast cancer patient during the irradiation therapy after unilateral simple mastectomy. The observations were made at intervals varying from one to 5 weeks during the therapy and one month after the completion of tile treatment. During the first and second weeks of treatment normal metaphase was noted and during the 4th and 5th weeks, there were no mitotic figures from the cell population. The chromosomal aberrations found after 3 weeks of treatment were, 11% of simple chromatid breaks, 7% of chromatid interchanges (translocations) and 8% of fragments. One month after the completion of the course of treatment showed a return of mitosis and that total chromatid breaks had decreased to 5%. Radiation effects on cell division and chromosome aberration are discussed.

Cell Patterns in Open Wound Healing: Light and Electron Microscopic Observation

Cell patterns in open wound healing are studied by both light and electron microscopic examinations in regards to time sequence, metamorphosis, and functional aspects. Process of the open wound healing clearly exhibited not only time sequence of cllular appearance but also zonation of cells. In the initial stage, until the 3rd day, the neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes were predominant and particularly concentrated in the scab region. The mononuclear cells were active cells during the 1st to 7th day and were mainly concentrated in the subscab region. The fibroblastic activities started from the 3rd day and became very active during the 5th to the 10th day, and they were concentrated at granulation tissue region. During the process of wound healing, the cellular elements underwent metamorphosis; The neutrophils from normal to swollen and finally degenerating; the mononuclear to macrophages; the fibroblasts from immature to mature actively protein synthesizing cells. The functions of each cellular element can not be determined with certainty. However, the main function of neutrophils in wound healing is likely the formation of front line defense as a part of the scab formation on the surface. And the major function of mononuclear cells is to debride exudates and damaged tissue debris especially at the subscab area and that of the fibroblasts to replace the tissue defect by proliferation and production of fibrous proteins.